固溶处理对2205双相不锈钢组织及钝化膜特性的影响

用不同温度对2205双相不锈钢进行固溶处理,利用定量金相法及硬度法、电化学极化试验、电化学阻抗谱试验的方法研究固溶温度与2205双相不锈钢微观组织和钝化膜特性之间的关系。结果表明,当固溶温度为950 ℃时,有σ相存在,分布于铁素体/奥氏体晶界,当固溶温度为1000 ℃时,σ相消失,铁素体相比例随固溶温度的升高而升高,奥氏体相比例则呈相反规律;电化学试验和阻抗谱试验结果显示,材料在950 ℃时钝化膜稳定性和耐蚀性能最差,在1050 ℃时钝化膜稳定性和耐蚀性能最好。     

一种用于平面的电火花强化修复装置

研究了一种用于金属平面的电火花强化修复装置。经过SEM照片分析,MM200磨损试验,以及硬度梯度分布综合判断,该装置生成的强化修复层比较完整、有一定厚度,极大改善了零件表面的硬度和耐磨性。     

Wind power and photovoltaic power: How to improve the accommodation capability of renewable electricity generation in China?

China's wind curtailment and photovoltaic curtailment was one of the prominent issues in 2014, and the renewable curtailment worsened in 2015. With the rapid growth of renewables, the phenomenon of the insufficiency in renewable accommodation capability is becoming more and more serious in 2016. In that case, the problem of the insufficient accommodation capability is pointed out by analyzing China's development requirements. The renewable power generation scale, the renewable power consumption, and the restrictions on the renewable electricity generation are discussed from the China's market perspective. Meanwhile, the legal environment, the planning requirement, the institutional setting, and the policy tools are introduced from the perspective of governmental regulation. An empirical analysis, a cause analysis and a trend analysis are illustrated before explaining the problem of renewable curtailment and proposing a solution for enhancing the accommodation capability. According to the analysis results, the solution for addressing the wind curtailment and PV curtailment is offered with respect to the technology, the institution, the legislation, and the political aspect. Through the research, the research conclusions are drew finally and the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.     

An energy‐dissipating approach for adjacent retrofitted structures

The approach of positioning energy dissipaters between adjacent structures can effectively prevent the collision of two adjacent buildings. For adjacent retrofitted structures, an effective strengthening approach that involves implementing energy‐dissipation measures both between and within buildings is proposed. This paper is based on the actual Shanghai ShiMao International Plaza. To avoid having to strengthen most of the structural members, the strengthening measure of energy dissipation is selected because of its construction cost and time constraints. This approach involves replacing several dampers between the adjacent structures and adding viscous damping walls in the retrofitted structure to reduce the seismic response of the retrofitted structure back to the original level. Additionally, a practical calculating method for the equivalent additional damping ratio for the adjacent structures connected by energy dissipaters is proposed. The results show that the effect of energy dissipation in the retrofitted structure is prominent and that the goal of indirect strengthening is achieved. The strengthening approach of energy dissipation and the calculating method of the equivalent additional damping ratio for adjacent structures provide a reference for similar engineering designs.     

P2O5对炼钢炉渣中石灰溶解过程的影响

在1400℃下，将平均尺寸φ15 mm?10 mm的石灰块投入CaO?SiO2?FeO及CaO?SiO2?FeO?P2O5两组渣系中，研究了静态条件下石灰在两组渣系中的溶解行为。结果表明，两组渣系在反应界面周围形成四个区域，即基体渣层、C2S渗透层、铁酸钙渗透层和石灰层。渗透层为石灰中的Ca2+与液渣中的Fe2+相互渗透所形成的一个多相共存区域，存在致密固相层影响石灰的溶解。渗透层中的铁酸钙层逐渐被C2S层取代，C2S层厚度不断增加最终溶解于液相渣中。5~60 s两组渣系石灰溶解速度相近，60~80 s含磷渣系石灰溶解速度显著加快。当渣中加入P2O5时，磷会固溶于C2S中形成C2S?C3P固溶体层，该层的形成会排挤FeO进入渣中，提高渣的渗透能力，加速石灰溶解。     

Photomemory and Pulse Monitoring Featured Solution-Processed Near-Infrared Graphene/Organic Phototransistor with Detectivity of 2.4 × 1013 Jones

Emerging graphene/organic phototransistors are eye-catching technologies owing to their unique merits including easy/low-cost fabrication, temperature independent, and achieving various functions. However, their development in the near-infrared (NIR) region is experiencing a bottleneck of inferior sensitivity due to low exciton dissociation efficiency and inefficient charge extraction rate. Here, a novel-design solution-processed graphene/organic NIR phototransistor is reported, that is, creatively introducing electron extraction layer of ZnO on graphene channel and employing organic ternary bulk heterojunction as photosensitive layer, successfully breaking that bottleneck. The phototransistor exhibits a high responsivity of 6.1 × 10⁶ A W⁻¹, a superior detectivity of 2.4 × 10¹³ Jones, and a remarkable minimum detection power of 1.75 nW cm⁻² under 850 nm radiation. Considering its excellent NIR detection performance, a noncontact transmission-type pulse monitoring is carried out with no external circuit support, from which human pulse signal and heart rate can be displayed in real time. The phototransistor, interestingly, can be switched into a photomemory function with a retention time of 1000 s in the atmosphere through a gate voltage of −20 V. The design takes the characteristics of graphene/organic phototransistors to a higher level, beyond the limit of sensitivity, and opens up a novel approach for developing multifunction devices.     

The Investigation of the Fractional-View Dynamics of Helmholtz Equations Within Caputo Operator

It is eminent that partial differential equations are extensively meaningful in physics, mathematics and engineering. Natural phenomena are formulated with partial differential equations and are solved analytically or numerically to interrogate the system’s dynamical behavior. In the present research, mathematical modeling is extended and the modeling solutions Helmholtz equations are discussed in the fractional view of derivatives. First, the Helmholtz equations are presented in Caputo’s fractional derivative. Then Natural transformation, along with the decomposition method, is used to attain the series form solutions of the suggested problems. For justification of the proposed technique, it is applied to several numerical examples. The graphical representation of the solutions shows that the suggested technique is an accurate and effective technique with a high convergence rate than other methods. The less calculation and higher rate of convergence have confirmed the present technique’s reliability and applicability to solve partial differential equations and their systems in a fractional framework.     

A variational approach for free vibrating micro-rods with classical and non-classical new boundary conditions accounting for nonlocal strengthening and temperature effects

Abstract

Transverse vibration of a circular cross sectional micro-rod subjected to a new kind of boundary constraints with elastic torsional springs is presented based on nonlocal elasticity. A nonlocal strengthening beam model is utilized and the effect of temperature changing is taken into consideration. The variational method and Hamilton’s principle are applied to derive the governing equation of motion and corresponding boundary conditions. A higher-order partial differential equation that is a typical characteristic of nonlocal strengthening model is developed, and the boundary conditions contain not only classical conditions but also non-classical higher-order conditions. Unlike previous studies which were only concerned with some conventional boundary constraints, we consider more general boundary conditions named elastic torsional spring supports. Such boundary conditions are between the simply supported and clamped ones, and they are closer to the actual constraints of existing engineering structures. Natural frequencies of micro-rods with new boundary constraints are determined via an eigenvalue method and compared with other results in the literature. It is shown that the nonlocal scale factor, thermal parameter, rigidity parameter and torsional spring coefficient play significant roles in free vibration of micro-rods. The research can provide a reference for a large class of boundary conditions ranging from simply supported to clamped micro-rods.     

Comparative analysis of a Sisko nanofluid over a stretching cylinder through a porous medium

The present article examines the Sisko nanofluid flow and heat transfer through a porous medium due to a stretching cylinder using Buongiorno's model for nanofluids. Suitable similarity transformations are used to transform the governing boundary layer equations of fluid flow into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The finite difference method is used to solve coupled nonlinear differential equations with MATLAB software. The impact of different parameters viz., the Sisko material parameter, porosity parameter, curvature parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and Brownian diffusion parameter on the velocity and temperature distribution are presented graphically. Moreover, the effect of the involved parameters on the heat transfer rate is also studied and presented through table values. It is noticed from the numerical values that the porosity parameter reduces the velocity while enhancing the temperature. The curvature parameter enhances the velocity throughout the fluid regime and reduces the temperature near the surface while enhancing the temperature far away from the surface. The study reveals that the thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion parameters that characterize the nanofluid flow reduce the wall heat transfer rate, while the curvature parameter enhances it. This investigation of wall heating/cooling has essential applications in solar porous water absorber systems, chemical engineering, metallurgy, material processing, and so forth.     

规整有机分子自聚集体对铜的高效缓蚀的研究

通过多步法合成了离子型含双苯并三氮唑环的目标分子，4，4'-{苯-1，3-二基二[(1E)-3-羰基丙-1-烯-1，3-二基]}二[2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯醇酸]二钾。在室温条件下，目标分子在3.5%（质量）NaCl/DMSO（二甲基亚枫）混合溶液 （体积比：40/60） 中能够发生分子自组装产生纳-微米级的自聚集体。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FT-IR）、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱 （XPS） 的表征，证实了所形成的目标分子自聚集体能够对铜表面产生强烈的化学吸附作用，在铜表面形成自组装膜。利用电化学方法测定了目标分子自聚集体吸附在铜表面形成自组装膜后，在3.5%（质量）NaCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明目标分子自聚集体在NaCl溶液中能高效地抑制铜腐蚀。